Employment and Trade Unions free essay sample

Task on â€Å"Industrial Relations in Bangladesh† Submitted To Professor Dr. Moniruzzaman Course Teacher Dept: Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted by Submitted Date: 10/04/2014 Letter of Transmittal April 10, 2014 Professor Dr. Moniruzzaman Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh. Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Sir, It is an extraordinary joy and benefit to introduce the report named â€Å"Industrial Relations in Bangladesh† which was appointed to me as a section for the opposition of MBA Program. All through the investigation I have attempted with the best of my ability to suit however much data and significant issues as could reasonably be expected and attempted to adhere to the guidelines as you have recommended. I attempted my best to make this report however much enlightening as could reasonably be expected. I truly accept that it will fulfill your prerequisites. I anyway genuinely accept that this report will fill the need of my course (Industrial Relation). I am appreciative to you for your direction and kind co-activity at each progression of my undertaking on this report. As per Weeratunga (2003:5) Industrial Relations or Labor Relations, the terms utilized conversely, can be seen as the collaboration between the different invested individuals engaged with work. The business and the worker are clear gatherings. The state, in guaranteeing a level playing field for the two sides, gives the lawful structure inside which such relations may happen. In modern relations, laborers are commonly spoken to by their worker's organizations framed under part 13 of Bangladesh Labor Act2006 while bosses are spoken to by their affiliations, for example, Bangladesh Employers Federation. HR administrators intervene the connections among laborers and managers however they are named by the delegates of bosses. Another related term is Employee Relations. Despite the fact that both the terms mechanical relations and worker relations are fundamentally comparative (Decenzo Robbins, 1999: 18), representative relations incorporates, notwithstanding modern relations, such viewpoints as participative administration, worker prosperity, worker advancement, representative remuneration, representative assurance and wellbeing, and so forth (Aswathappa, 2008:534). By and large mechanical relations spread the regions, for example, worker's organizations, aggregate haggling, settlement of modern questions, complaint dealing with method, job of government, work laws, courts and councils and job of managers. With regards to creating nations, modern relations has been impacted by highlights, for example, high abuse of laborers, low degree of specialist cooperation in dynamic, government and political obstructions, high pace of lack of education of laborers, low degree of business, low degree of mindfulness among the workers in regards to rights, laws, and exchange unionism, and low work profitability (Khan Taher, 2008: 222-23). Mechanical relations assumes a significant job in building up and keeping up modern majority rules system (Monappa, 2004: 9) and it is the way to improve profitability in mechanical undertakings (Aswathappa, 2004: 534). Human asset the executives can assume imperative jobs in improving agreeable and neighborly mechanical relations. In Bangladesh, aggregate bartering on pay among business and laborers is denied in the open segment endeavors as the administration structures uniform compensation and advantages for the workers of all open area undertakings (Mahmood, 2008). The restricted extent of aggregate bartering in the open segment of Bangladesh impacts the worker's organizations to create connect with government, ideological groups and other ground-breaking bodies in arranging their exercises. It obstructs successful connections between the delegates of managers and laborers at big business level. In spite of the fact that presentation based compensation is considered to have huge effect on representative execution (DesslerVarkkey, 2010: 15), it isn't at all rehearsed by the open division ventures in Bangladesh. Subsequently, open division ventures in Bangladesh have been bringing about gigantic misfortunes. Then again, a wide range of aggregate haggling happens at big business level if there should be an occurrence of private area undertakings (Khan, 1996). Mahmood (2008) referenced that the mechanical relations process in the private area was frequently upset by joins among private and open part associations. Goals: a) To investigate the contrasts among open and private division mechanical ventures of Bangladesh regarding by and large status of IR. b) To advance strategy ramifications of by and large improvement in IR of Bangladesh. Mechanical Relations Studies in Bangladesh Khan (1986) examined modern relations in Bangladesh with extraordinary accentuation on exchange unionism. †¦ Trade Unions Trade Union is an association of laborers who have grouped together to accomplish shared objectives, for example, securing the uprightness of its exchange, accomplishing more significant compensation, expanding the quantity of representatives a business recruits, and better working conditions. A sorted out relationship of laborers in an exchange, gathering of exchanges, or calling, shaped to secure and assist their privileges and interests. A gathering of representatives in a specific area, whose point is to haggle with workers over compensation, employer stability, working hours, and so on utilizing the aggregate intensity of the individuals. The most widely recognized motivation behind these affiliations or associations is keeping up or improving the states of their work. Reasons for sorting out worker's guilds Provision of advantages to individuals: proficient preparing, lawful exhortation and portrayal for individuals is as yet a significant advantage of worker's organization participation. Modern activity: Trade associations may uphold strikes or protection from lockouts in promotion of specific objectives. Political action: Trade associations may elevate enactment positive for the interests of their individuals or laborers in general. To this end they may seek after crusades, embrace campaigning, or monetarily bolster singular up-and-comers or gatherings. States of business and any complaints †are settled through worker's organizations. Bartering rights: Trade associations deal and guarantee the status, rights, wages and requests of laborers of the advanced universe of industry. Commitment in practical development: Trade associations are developing quickly in an economy due to the extension of business and affordable development. Goals Trade associations are the best way to oversee, agreeable, and control the work power. Loads of goals are there to arrange worker's organizations. . To safeguard or improve the wages and working states of laborers and to realize an adjustment in the monetary request. 2. To fortify their (work) haggling power all things considered to build up and accomplish every one of their privileges. 3. To bluntly ensure all other enthusiasm of the laborers . Also, from the administrations perspective the targets as composed: a) To diminish the quantity of arrangement. b) To indicate work rules, differences and complaints to give the better answer for laborers guarantee. c) To set up the proficient correspondence between the businesses and the executives to authorize the anticipated norms. ) To improve the general hierarchical adequacy laborers can likewise be now and then propelled to frame and sort out worker's organization. Indeed, targets of a worker's guild are not characterized; rather these are changing as indicated by the need of the economy and in general industry. At the point when these targets are not settled then the adversaries are begun History of Trade Unions The Pakistan Period (1947-71) - The East Pakistan Trade Unions Act, 1965 was instituted canceling the Trade Unions Act, 1926. - The Labor Disputes Act, 1965 was authorized. - Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969 was sanctioned incorporating the over two Acts. Bangladesh Period (1971-onwards) - Government of Bangladesh pronounced a work strategy in 1972. The option to strike and aggregate bartering in the nationalized businesses was denied for a half year by Presidential request no. 55 in May 1972. - In 1973, the option to strike and lockout, as allowed by IRO, 1969 was pulled back. - In 1974 Act totally suspended the vote based privileges of laborers by forbidding worker's organization exercises, for example, strikes, lock-outs, aggregate dealing. - The military system of 1975 forced limitations on the privileges of aggregate haggling. The Industrial Relations (Amendment) Ordinance, 1977 changed the Rights of Freedom of Association - The Labor Policy of 1980 reestablished the privilege to opportunity of relationship to a significant degree - In 1982 the military system prohibited worker's organization exercises, strikes, and right of opportunity of affiliation. Constraints In Bangladesh Trade Unions have a great deal of unavoidable issues : 1. Absence of awareness: Trade association are not entirely mindful about workers lawful rights and obligations. 2. Absence of Unity: In Bangladesh worker's organizations are isolated for political impact. 3. Absence of information: The laborers of Bangladesh dont have enough information about their privileges and obligations. 4. Political impact: In Bangladesh, worker's guilds work a piece of ideological groups not as a free right sparing affiliation. 5. Division of worker's organization: Bangladesh is where each association has more worker's guilds in name as it were. The general efficiency got down. Recommendations Strengthening respective aggregate expecting taking care of issues rapidly and adequately. Assortment of worker's organization makes the adversaries in an association. So it must be decreased. Political contribution must be decreased. Association must help monetarily as worker's organizations bolster the laborer. Preparing programs under worker's guild ought to be useful to build up the abilities of the laborers. Worker's guilds capacity ought to be expanded and enlarged all through the association. Association pioneer must be given significance and empower the individuals. On the off chance that trust among laborers and the board builds, profitability increments. The executives must assistance and guide worker's guilds to settle modern conflicts and emergency. Worker's organizations alw

Philosophy- Does God exist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reasoning Does God exist - Essay Example Assuming this is the case, at that point there must be a mover. This mover can't be simply the thing for a thing can't itself to move. So it probably been a first unaffected mover, for example God. Accordingly, God exists. For a long time, I was persuaded of Aquinas’ contention until I learned of a logician who was very doubtful of Aquinas’ ways. His name is David Hume. Hume was an empiricist who acknowledged the faculties as the wellspring of information. He detailed his empiricist rule dependent on what we can know through our faculties alone. In this way, magical ideas, for example, â€Å"God† are, for Hume, fanciful fictions of our brains, because of our thought of circumstances and logical results. In this way, the possibility of a God is unimportant for Hume. â€Å"So God doesn't exist?† Asked my companion. â€Å"Hume doesn't feel that ought to be the inquiry to pose. But instead, is man equipped for knowing whether there’s anything past the domain of sense understanding? What's more, the appropriate response is: we don’t know.† I replied. â€Å"But there must be an approach to know!† My companion said. So I enlightened her regarding a logician named Rene Descartes. Descartes was, not normal for Hume, a realist. He gave three evidences to God’s presence. Just one nonetheless, drew my consideration also. Here, Descartes utilizes the procedure of disposal when asking whether I, who has a thought of an ideal being, can exist without that ideal being, for example God.

DDoS Attack

A dispersed refusal of-administration (DDoS) assault is one in which a large number of traded off frameworks assault a solitary objective, consequently causing disavowal of administration for clients of the focused on framework. The surge of approaching messages to the objective framework basically drives it to close down, in this manner refusing assistance to the framework to authentic clients. In a run of the mill DDoS assault, the attacker starts by abusing a powerlessness in one PC framework and making it the DDoS ace. The assault ace, otherwise called the botmaster, distinguishes and recognizes and taints other powerless frameworks with alware.Eventually, the attacker Instructs the controlled machines to dispatch an assault against a predetermined objective. There are two sorts of DDoS assaults: a system driven assault which over-burdens an assistance by spending transfer speed and an application-layer assault which over-burdens a help or database with application calls. The Inu ndation of parcels to the objective causes a disavowal of administration. While the media will in general spotlight on the objective of a DDoS assault as the vlctlm, as a general rule there are numerous vlctlms In a DDoS assault the last arget and also the frameworks constrained by the intruder.Although the proprietors of co-picked PCs are regularly ignorant that their PCs have been undermined, they are all things considered prone to endure a corruption of administration and not function admirably. A PC heavily influenced by an interloper is known as a zombie or bot. A gathering of co-selected PCs is known as a botnet or a zombie armed force. Both Kaspersky Labs and Symantec have distinguished botnets not spam, infections, or worms as the greatest risk to Internet security

An Examination of the Inverse Tropes of Sight and Blindness in King Lear - Literature Essay Samples

In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play.These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to see the clearest. While Lears blindness is one which is metaphorical, the blindness of Gloucester, who carries the parallel plot of the play, is literal. Nevertheless, both characters suffer from an inability to see the true nature of their children, an ability only gained once the two patriarchs have plummeted to the utter depths of depravity. Through a close reading of the text, I will argue that Shakespeare employs the plot of Gloucester to explicate Lears plot, and, in effect, contextualizes Lears metaphorical blindness with Gloucesters physical loss of vision.When the audience is first introduced to Lear, h e is portrayed as a raging, vain old man who can not see the purity of his daughter Cordelias love for him from the insincerity of her sisters Goneril and Regan. In his fiery rage after disowning Cordelia, Lear commands to Kent, Out of my sight! (1.1.156). Kent fittingly implores the aging king to See better, Lear; and let me still remain / The true blank of thine eye (1.1.157-8). Kent recognizes love in its most noble form in the person of Cordelia, and is able to see through the hypocrisy of Lears other two daughters. In beseeching Lear to [s]ee better, Kent is, in effect, asking Lear to look beyond his vanity and inward pride to see the honesty of Cordelia, who refuses to put her love for her father on show. From the very first act of the play, then, Shakespeare has set up the theme of consciousness, using the metaphor of sight. Kents imperative to see better is prompting Lear not to use his faculty of vision, but, metaphorically, to become conscious of what is going on aro und him; to see the world as it truly is. It is fascinating that, upon Kents imperative, Lear swears, Now, by Apollo- (1.1.159). As Apollo is the god of the sun whose maxim is to know thyself, it is particularly telling that Lear is invoking the god associated with sharpness of vision and light, when he, himself, remains unenlightened. The unrelenting Kent, recognizes Lears blindness as well as the futility of invoking the god of self-knowledge, and, despite the kings growing anger, declares, Thou swearst thy gods in vain (1.1.161). The theme of consciousness is underscored by the Gloucester plot in King Lear. Gloucester, like Lear, is an aging man who has yet to learn the true nature of his children. In this way, he shares Lears metaphorical blindness, but Shakespeare does not stop there; he adds the physical impairment of vision to Gloucesters character as well. It is mentioned that Gloucester requires the need of spectacles in order to read the fabricated letter his son Ed mund presents to him. Ironically, even with the use of an instrument to heighten his vision, Gloucester is still unable to see things as they truly are. With no prior provocation, and hardly any ocular proof, Gloucester immediately believes that his legitimate son Edgar has formed a conspiracy against him. Shakespeare heightens Gloucesters metaphoric blindness by casting him offstage during Lears banishment of Cordelia. Thus, in this sense, Gloucester is blind onstage. If he were present, Gloucester would have been able to gain awareness of the insincerity of children, as illustrated by Goneril and Regan, and apply it to his own situation. Lear, who is onstage, lacks this awareness. Even the lord of France comments to Burgundy that Loves not love / When it is mingled with regards that stands / Aloof from th entire point (1.1.239-241). France is essentially asserting that love is not love when one is just competing for a piece of land. Lear is onstage to hear these words, b ut he fails to see how this can be applied to his own situation. The tragic descent of Lear into blindness begins shortly after transferring his power to his daughters. Lear becomes disoriented as early as Act 1.4 when he questions his identity in terms of sight: Doth any here know me? This is not Lear. / Doth Lear walk thus? Speak thus? Where are his eyes? (201-2). Lear is beginning to question his identity because he is no longer at the same place he was at the plays opening. He is beginning to see the true nature of his ungrateful daughters, and, as a result, his self has started to disintegrate, as he gradually delves into madness. After being turned away yet again by his daughters, as they question his need for a train of knights, Lear exclaims, exasperated, O, reason not the need! Our basest beggars / Are in the poorest thing superfluous. / Allow not nature more than nature needs, / Mans lifes as cheap as beasts (2.4.259-262). Here the parallel plot of the Gloucester co mes into play, for Edgar, disguised as a beggar and stripped to his barest essentials, becomes emblematic of what Lear is articulating in the above speech. Lear, too, is stripped down: stripped of his sovereignty, his train, and respect from his daughters. Through his wanderings and his experience on the heath, Lear learns to become a more sympathetic character. He is forced to ruminate upon the daily lives of the poor, commenting,

Personal Philosophy Child Development and Teaching Essay

Personal Philosophy Introduction Child development is divided into four areas of development; social / emotional, physical (motor), cognitive, and language. Typically children develop in a sequence of stages in each area. Although development normally follows the same series of stages, there are individual differences in what age each stage occurs. Development in part depends on the experiences a child encounters. According to Wardle (2004), young children learn from their total experience in a program. For example, children not only learn during teacher directed activities, they also learn while playing in interest areas, on the playground, while riding the bus, or during meals. Vygotsky saw the child as part of an†¦show more content†¦As children’s bodies become more streamlined and less top-heavy, their center of gravity shifts downwards toward the trunk. As a result, balance improves greatly, paving the way for new motor skills involving large muscles of the body. (Berk, 1999) During the preschool years until approximately age seven, fundamental motor skills develop including the locomotor skills needed to run, jump, hop, and skip. Also the object control skills such as throwing, catching, and kicking are developing. By the age of six or seven, children begin to integrate two or more of these skills. Though all children will not develop these skills at the same age, they will follow the same sequence. During the early childhood period, environments should be organized to promote motor development. During toddlerhood the environment should be organized to allow the toddler space to explore and move. Confining the child to a limited space such as a playpen could result in a delay in their large motor skills. (Charlesworth, 2004) The environment for the preschooler should be conducive to learning these skills. Adequate outdoor play time should be allotted for the children to have the opportunity to run, jump, throw balls, and other activities to strengthen the large muscles. Social and Emotional Development Social and emotional competence are important to an individual’s well-being and success later in life. A bond or attachment is typicallyShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of A Teaching Philosophy Statement1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of a Teaching Philosophy Statement (TPS) Personal development is one aspect of gaining new information to enhance skills, abilities and overall knowledge. The development of a TPS, is a personal analysis of general concepts of teaching, learning, observations and experiences, transferred into the learning environment (Caukin, 2017). 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Response Connecting”the Outsider” and “The Red Sari” Essay Sample free essay sample

In the short narrative „The Outsiderâ€Å" by Graeme Lay every bit good as in „The Red Sariâ€Å" by Apirana Taylor the writer demonstrates the being of things in life the chief character. but besides the reader might non be cognizant of. Possibly don‘t want to be cognizant of. The consciousness of both things have a great impact on the chief character. In „The Outsiderâ€Å" a immature miss called Justine is confronted with the cirumstance that non all work forces have good purposes. after beeing left pregnant by her fellow Karl. She is really aghast although there were a batch of hints bespeaking towards it. He suggested in the beginning he would merely „stay a bitâ€Å" . it takes till the terminal of the narrative for her to recognize she really means small to him. Surfboarding is a „Life-Forceâ€Å" for him and she merely seems to be a „nice thingâ€Å" in his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Response: Connecting†the Outsider† and â€Å"The Red Sari† Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is indirectly revealed in the look: „ And Justine would already be at the Bach. and the fire in the coal scope would be alight ( . . ) â€Å" Merely one time does she believe that he wont remain everlastingly. „It was the lone clip he had of all time mentioned the hereafter ( †¦ ) gave her the feeling that ( †¦ ) he might go forth ( †¦ ) â€Å" In the terminal the writer uses the words: „ ( †¦ ) the sound of the moving ridges. interrupting violently against the distant reef. â€Å" The moving ridges symbolize Justine‘s feelings. twirling emotions like moving ridges. they literally „destroyâ€Å" her programs for the hereafter. Karl loved surfing those moving ridges. go forthing Justine for them. and so the moving ridges destroyed her dream of a hereafter with him. Besides in „The Red Sariâ€Å" the universe of the chief character changed after going aware of the poorness. He isn‘t run intoing a „Bad Boyâ€Å" like Karl who may botch his life. altering his life. but he experiences the barbarian poorness of India. Both Justine and the chief character let them to come into their lives and impact their feelings. However his experience in a traffic jam in New Delhi is merely lasts about one hr. he spends this clip seeking to deflect himself from it. ( „Could we turn the wireless up? â€Å" ) A imploring miss is asks him for some rupees. but he ignores her and justifies his determination by believing that „there are 1000000s of themâ€Å" and that God will look after them. ( „Blessed are the hapless for they shall inherit the earthâ€Å" ) He does hold feelings of compassion and duty. but he is besides disgusted by the sight of the „dirty. foul beggarsâ€Å" . He seems to be dazzled by the great extent of the poorness. In the terminal there is no grounds shown that he will return to assist them. Not merely is Justine enduring in the terminal. non merely is the chief character experiencing uncompfortable. so is the reader. The writer is composing from the point of position of the 3rd individual so we besides get to cognize Karl‘s emotions and ideas. The reader realizes earlier than Justine that Karl won‘t stay. For illustration the sentence: „He knew about topographic points she had barely of all time heard of ( †¦ ) â€Å" shows how different they are. The reader might besides believe of personal experiences. where a friend or the reader himself got „usedâ€Å" by a male child. The reader may see memories and feelings of choler or unhappiness. The reader besides could be upset. because Justine is loving him so blindly and besides. because Karl leaves her without a note. The narratives non merely uncover their messages to the charaters but besides to the reader. Some readers might be like Justine and tend to undervalue work forces. Those readers may larn from these messages. The text is written really realisticly and uses graphic imagary. which make it easy to associate to. It might be a small spot harder to acquire into „The Red Sariâ€Å" . because it is sometimes written like an interiour solil oquy of the chief character. with short sentences and subject alterations. ( e. g. „New Delhi. Traffic Jam. ( †¦ ) Better luck following clip. â€Å" ) The writer likely picked that position. because one of the chief struggles is taking topographic point within the character himself. The poorness is described with great item and is the writer is non afraid to state it like it is. . ( „She‘s got no fingers on one manus and no manus on the other arm. â€Å" ) Not merely the chief character is going cognizant of this facet of life so to is the reader. Apirana Taylor uses many stilistic devices to do the narrative appear more realistic ( e. g. â€Å" ( †¦ ) crunched up concertina auto consuming a traffic visible radiation for a hut ( †¦ ) â€Å" seeing the narrative through the eyes of the chief charater you get to cognize all the feelings he has. Sometimes I felt the impulse to halt reading and flight. I didn‘t want to cognize about „a fleshless old lady in shreds picking bonesâ€Å" or that the mendicants take babes with them to acquire the people‘s attending. But the writer captivates the reader with the narrative besides. because it is someimes mercyless and you want to cognize if the chief character will work out this „dilemmaâ€Å" The writer used sacarsm as a technique that became a shock absorber for the reader. it created distance between and the intense state of affairs and the reader. One of the author‘s intents might besides hold been to make a feeling of desiring to be someplace else. The writers purpose for composing the narratives might hold been amusement and inspiration. but besides as Ive already mentioned to inform people about the difficult striking subjects. Particularly in „The Red Sariâ€Å" This narrative portions the critical positions against Poverty. the place of Women in India and besides the differences within the society. The incentive might besides be a personal 1. possibly Graeme Lay knew person who had a similar relationship or he merely wanted to warn misss from obsessional love. He may hold had similar feelings himself of injury after being „usedâ€Å" or he wanted to do work forces aware of their responsibitly for women‘s feelings. Apirana Taylor might hold visited India and wanted to do people cognizant of what he had experienced. There are no hints in the narratives about whether they have had personal connexion s to any of the characters or topographic points they have written about. but it is most likely the writers have related these narrative to something they have known. Both narratives portion the subject of a deficiency of consciousness about a certain portion in life that the writer want‘s to inform the reader about. To demo contrast „The Outsiderâ€Å" gives no grounds that Justine truly thought about the being of people with bad purposes. But the chief character in „The Red Sariâ€Å" must hold known about and given some idea to the hapless. but didn‘t privation to be cognizant of it. Both chararcters lives changed due to there cicumstances. and the readers perceptual experience and attitude towards these topics may besides alter after reading these narratives. The writer achieved in both narratives the reader‘s attending through a good narrative line and the usage of stylistic devices.

Medicinal Marijuana Essays - Neurochemistry, Medicine, Cannabis

Medicinal Marijuana Marijuana when used in the medical sense is beneficial to not only the patient's health but to their financial status as well. In this report you'll see many reasons why we believe this. Medical marijuana is used in many treatments. We are not obviously the only people who believe this either. In the last 20 years, 36 states have passed some form of legislation recognizing the medical value of marijuana. In 1996, voters in both Arizona and California passed laws allowing the medical use of marijuana. In 1998 Alaska, Washington and Oregon passed medical use marijuana laws, and in 1999 Maine passed a similar law (Grinspoon, 5). The chronic effects of marijuana are of greater concern for medical use and fall into two categories: the effects of chronic smoking, and the effects of THC. Marijuana smoking is associated with abnormalities of cells lining the human respiratory tract. Marijuana smoke, like tobacco smoke, is associated with increased risk of cancer, lung damage, and poor pregnancy outcomes. It is the most widely used illicit drug, marijuana is predictably the first illicit drug most people Although studies all suggest that marijuana smoke is an important risk factor for the development of respiratory cancer, proof of this is yet to be seen (Iverson, 21). Marijuana is not a completely benign substance. However, except for the harms associated with smoking, the adverse effects of marijuana use are within the range of effects tolerated for other medications. The harmful effects to individuals from the perspective of possible medical use of marijuana are not necessarily the same as the harmful physical effects of drug abuse (Iverson, 24). For most people, the primary adverse effect of acute marijuana use is diminished psychomotor performance. It is, therefore, inadvisable to operate any vehicle or potentially dangerous equipment while under the influence of marijuana, THC, or any cannabinoid drug with comparable effects (Zimmerman, 45). A minority of marijuana users experience dysphoria, or unpleasant feelings. THC is the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Cannabinoids are the group of compounds related to THC, whether found in the marijuana plant, in animals, or synthesized in chemistry laboratories. Cannabinoids likely have a natural role in pain modulation, control of movement, and memory. The natural role of cannabinoids in immune systems is likely multifaceted and remains unclear. The brain can and will develop a tolerance to cannabinoids after a prolonged use of marijuana (Joy). Animal research has shown the possibility that dependence will occur, but this possibility is much lower than the chance of developing a dependence on benzodiazepines, opiates, cocaine, or nicotine. Withdrawal symptoms have also been seen in animal testing. The symptoms are much milder than the symptoms of withdrawal from some prescribed medications such as Valium and Codeine (Mathre, 25). Chemotherapy can often prolong someone's life for many years. In some cases, a complete cure can be obtained. Unfortunately, chemotherapy has many side effects associated with it that are not pleasant in the least bit. Patients sometimes find these effects so distressing they abandon chemotherapy entirely. People with AIDS (Acquired Immune Disease) also experience these problems (Zimmerman, 59). Studies with marijuana have shown that marijuana reduces the nausea and vomiting often associated with chemotherapy treatments. Because the marijuana does this, it provides two other benefits. The patient is able to retain food and maintain body strength and he or she can tolerate the chemotherapy treatments for a longer amount of time in order to live longer (Mathre, 68). In September 1988, the chief administrative law judge of the Drug Enforcement Administration ruled that marijuana has medical value in the treatment of side effects caused by cancer chemotherapy. His decision was over-ruled by the administrator of the DEA and marijuana remained illegal for medical purposes until recently (Grinspoon, 16). Glaucoma is another illness that marijuana has been shown to help. Glaucoma can strike people of all ages but is most often found among those over 65. The most common form of glaucoma is chronic or open-angle glaucoma. The symptoms of glaucoma include pressure within the eye, intraocular pressure or IOP, which can cause damage to the optic nerve if it is not controlled effectively. A 30% drop in eye pressure has been found in glaucoma patients when